Masana kimiyya sun ƙirƙira filastik daidai da karfe - mai ƙarfi amma ba nauyi ba. Filastik, wanda masanan kimiyya a wasu lokuta suke kira polymers, wani nau'in kwayoyin halitta ne na dogon lokaci da aka yi da gajerun maimaita raka'a da ake kira monomers.Ba kamar polymers na baya na irin ƙarfin ba, sabon abu ne kawai. Yana da sau 50 mafi iska iska fiye da mafi ƙarancin filastik a kasuwa. Wani muhimmin al'amari na wannan polymer shine sauƙi na haɗin gwiwa. Tsarin, wanda ke faruwa a dakin da zafin jiki, yana buƙatar kayan arha kawai, kuma Ana iya samar da polymer da yawa a cikin manyan zanen gado waɗanda ke da kauri na nanometer kawai. Masu binciken sun ba da rahoton binciken su a ranar 2 ga Fabrairu a cikin mujallar Nature.
Abubuwan da ake tambaya ana kiran su da polyamide, cibiyar sadarwa mai zare na sassan kwayoyin amide (amides sune ƙungiyoyin sinadarai na nitrogen da ke haɗe da atom ɗin carbon da aka haɗa da oxygen). Irin waɗannan polymers sun haɗa da Kevlar, fiber da ake amfani da su don yin rigar harsashi, da Nomex, wuta- resistant masana'anta.Kamar Kevlar, da polyamide kwayoyin halitta a cikin sabon abu suna hade da juna ta hanyar hydrogen bond tare da dukan tsawon na su sarƙoƙi, wanda kara habaka gaba daya ƙarfi na abu.
"Sun manne tare kamar Velcro," in ji marubucin jagora Michael Strano, injiniyan sinadarai na MIT. Kayan yagawa yana buƙatar ba kawai karya sarƙoƙi na kwayoyin halitta ba, har ma da shawo kan manyan haɗin gwiwar hydrogen na intermolecular wanda ke mamaye duk damshin polymer.
Bugu da ƙari, sababbin polymers za su iya samar da flakes ta atomatik. Wannan ya sa kayan aiki mai sauƙi don sarrafawa, kamar yadda za'a iya yin shi a cikin fina-finai na bakin ciki ko kuma amfani da shi azaman suturar fim na bakin ciki. haɗi a cikin nau'i uku, ba tare da la'akari da fuskantarwa ba. Amma polymers na Strano suna girma ta hanya ta musamman a cikin 2D don samar da nanosheets.
"Za ku iya tarawa a takarda? Ya zama, a mafi yawan lokuta, ba za ku iya yi ba har sai aikinmu, "in ji Strano. "Don haka, mun sami sabon tsari." A cikin wannan aikin na baya-bayan nan, ƙungiyarsa ta shawo kan wata matsala don yin wannan taro mai girma biyu mai yiwuwa.
Dalilin polyaramides yana da tsarin tsari shine haɗin polymer ya ƙunshi wata hanyar da ake kira autocatalytic templating: yayin da polymer ke tsawaita kuma ya manne da tubalan ginin monomer, hanyar sadarwar polymer mai girma tana haifar da monomers na gaba don kawai Haɗa cikin madaidaiciyar hanya don ƙarfafa ƙungiyar. Tsari mai girma biyu. Masu bincike sun nuna cewa za su iya sauƙaƙe suturar polymer a cikin bayani a kan wafers don ƙirƙirar laminates mai faɗi ƙasa da nanometer 4. Wannan kusan kusan miliyan ɗaya ne na kauri na takarda na yau da kullum.
Don ƙididdige kayan aikin injiniya na kayan polymer, masu binciken sun auna ƙarfin da ake buƙata don huda ramuka a cikin takardar da aka dakatar tare da allura mai kyau. Wannan polyamide hakika ya fi ƙarfin polymers na gargajiya kamar nailan, masana'anta da ake amfani da su don yin parachutes. Abin mamaki, yana ɗaukar ƙarfi sau biyu don kwance wannan polyamide mai ƙarfi kamar karfe na kauri ɗaya. A cewar Strano, ana iya amfani da abun azaman kariya mai kariya akan saman ƙarfe, kamar veneers na mota, ko azaman tacewa don tsarkake ruwa. A cikin aikin na ƙarshe, madaidaicin murfin tacewa yana buƙatar zama bakin ciki amma mai ƙarfi sosai don jure matsanancin matsin lamba ba tare da zubar da ƙanƙanta ba, gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu a cikin wadatar mu ta ƙarshe - cikakkiyar dacewa ga wannan kayan polyamide.
A nan gaba, Strano yana fatan fadada hanyar polymerization zuwa polymers daban-daban fiye da wannan analog na Kevlar. "Polymers suna kewaye da mu," in ji shi. "Suna yin komai." Ka yi tunanin juya nau'ikan polymers iri-iri, har ma da na waje waɗanda za su iya sarrafa wutar lantarki ko haske, zuwa fina-finai na bakin ciki waɗanda za su iya rufe fuskoki iri-iri, in ji shi. Stano yace.
A cikin duniyar da ke kewaye da robobi, al'umma na da dalilin da za su yi farin ciki game da wani sabon polymer wanda kayan aikin injiniya ba komai bane illa talakawa, Strano ya ce. tare da ƙananan kayan aiki masu ƙarfi.
Shi En Kim (kamar yadda ake kiranta Kim) haifaffen Malaysia marubuciyar kimiyya ce mai zaman kanta kuma Mashahurin Kimiyya na Spring 2022 editorial intern. Ta yi rubuce-rubuce da yawa akan batutuwan da suka kama daga amfani da yanar gizo-mutane ko gizo-gizo da kansu-zuwa masu tara shara. a cikin sararin samaniya.
Har yanzu jirgin Boeing na Starliner bai isa tashar sararin samaniyar kasa da kasa ba, amma masana na da kwarin gwiwa game da gwajin jirgi na uku.
Mu masu shiga ne a cikin Shirin Abokan Abokan Sabis na LLC na Amazon Services, shirin talla na haɗin gwiwa wanda aka tsara don samar da hanyar da za mu iya samun kuɗi ta hanyar haɗawa zuwa Amazon.com da shafukan da ke da alaƙa. Yin rijista ko amfani da wannan rukunin yanar gizon ya ƙunshi yarda da Sharuɗɗan Sabis ɗinmu.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-19-2022