Ua hana ka poʻe ʻepekema i ka plastic e like me ke kila - ikaika akā ʻaʻole kaumaha. ʻO nā plastics, ka mea i kapa ʻia e ka poʻe chemists i kekahi manawa he polymers, he papa o nā molekala kaulahao lōʻihi i hana ʻia me nā ʻāpana pōkole i kapa ʻia he monomers. hele mai i loko o ka membrane form.It no hoi 50 manawa oi airtight ma mua o ka loa impermeable plastic ma ke kuai. Hiki ke hoʻonui nuiʻia ka polymer i nā pepa nui he nanometers wale nō ka mānoanoa. Hōʻike nā mea noiʻi i kā lākouʻike i ka lā 2 o Pepeluali ma ka puke pai Nature.
ʻO ka mea i nīnau ʻia ua kapa ʻia he polyamide, kahi ʻupena wili o nā ʻāpana amide molecular (amides he hui kemika nitrogen i hoʻopili ʻia i nā ʻātoma kalapona i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka oxygen). lole pale. E like me Kevlar, ua hoʻopili ʻia nā molela polyamide i loko o ka mea hou i kekahi i kekahi e nā paʻa hydrogen ma ka lōʻihi holoʻokoʻa o kā lākou mau kaulahao, e hoʻonui ai i ka ikaika holoʻokoʻa o ka mea.
"Pili pū lākou e like me Velcro," wahi a Michael Strano, ka mea kākau alakaʻi, he ʻenekini MIT chemical.
Eia kekahi, hiki i nā polymers hou ke hana i nā flakes. ʻO kēia ka mea e maʻalahi ai ka hana ʻana, no ka mea hiki ke hana ʻia i loko o nā kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻoniʻoni a hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka uhi ʻana o ka ʻili kiʻi ʻoniʻoni. loulou i ʻekolu mau ʻāpana, me ka nānā ʻole i ka orientation. Akā, ulu nā polymers o Strano i kahi ala kūʻokoʻa ma 2D e hana i nā nanosheets.
"Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i kahi ʻāpana pepa? ʻIke ʻia, ma ka hapanui o nā hihia, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hana a hiki i kā mākou hana, "wahi a Strano. Ma kēia hana i hala iho nei, ua lanakila kāna hui i mea e hiki ai i kēia hui ʻelua-dimensional.
ʻO ke kumu i loaʻa ai i ka polyaramides kahi hoʻolālā planar ʻo ia ka polymer synthesis e pili ana i kahi mīkini i kapa ʻia ʻo autocatalytic templating: i ka wā e lōʻihi ai ka polymer a paʻa i nā poloka hale monomer, ʻo ka ulu ʻana o ka polymer network e hoʻoulu i nā monomers ma hope e hoʻohui wale i ke ala kūpono e hoʻoikaika i ka hui ʻana o ka ʻO ka hana ʻelua. Ua hōʻike ka poʻe noiʻi hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopaʻa maʻalahi i ka polymer i ka hopena ma luna o nā wafers e hana i nā laminates ākea ʻīniha ma lalo o 4 nanometers mānoanoa. ʻO ia ka aneane hoʻokahi miliona ka mānoanoa o ka pepa keʻena maʻamau.
No ka helu ʻana i nā waiwai mechanical o ka mea polymer, ua ana nā mea noiʻi i ka ikaika e koi ʻia e hoʻoheheʻe i nā lua i loko o kahi pepa i hoʻokuʻu ʻia me kahi nila maikaʻi. ʻO ka nui o ka ikaika e wehe i kēia polyamide ikaika loa e like me ke kila o ka mānoanoa hoʻokahi. Wahi a Strano, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka mea ma ke ʻano he pale pale ma nā wahi metala, e like me nā veneers kaʻa, a i ʻole he kānana e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka wai. Ma ka hana hope, pono e lahilahi ka membrane kānana maikaʻi akā ikaika no ka pale ʻana i nā kaomi kiʻekiʻe me ka ʻole o ka hoʻokahe ʻana i nā mea haumia liʻiliʻi i loko o kā mākou lako hope - he kūpono kūpono no kēia mea polyamide.
I ka wā e hiki mai ana, manaʻo ʻo Strano e hoʻonui i ke ʻano polymerization i nā polymers ʻē aʻe ma mua o kēia analog Kevlar. E noʻonoʻo i ka hoʻohuli ʻana i nā ʻano polymers he nui, ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe e hiki ke hoʻokele i ka uila a i ʻole ka māmā, i mau kiʻi ʻoniʻoni lahilahi hiki ke uhi i nā ʻano like ʻole, wahi a ia. wahi a Stano.
I loko o kahi honua i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā plastics, ʻo ke kaiāulu ke kumu e hauʻoli ai e pili ana i kekahi polymer hou nona nā waiwai mechanical he mea maʻamau wale nō, wahi a Strano. me nā mea liʻiliʻi a ʻoi aku ka ikaika. Ua hoʻohui ʻo Strano mai kahi manaʻo hoʻomau, ʻo kēia polymer 2D super-ikaika kahi ʻanuʻu i ke ala kūpono e hoʻokuʻu i ka honua mai ka plastic.
ʻO Shi En Kim (e like me ka mea maʻamau i kapa ʻia ʻo Kim) he mea kākau ʻepekema manuahi manuahi i hānau ʻia ma Malaysia a me Popular Science Spring 2022 editorial intern. ma waho.
ʻAʻole hiki i ka mokulele Starliner ʻo Boeing i ka International Space Station, akā manaʻo ka poʻe loea e pili ana i kahi lele hoʻāʻo ʻekolu.
He mea komo mākou i ka Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, kahi papahana hoʻolaha pili i hoʻolālā ʻia e hāʻawi i kahi ala no mākou e loaʻa ai nā uku ma ka loulou i Amazon.com a me nā pūnaewele pili.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mei-19-2022