Masayendisiti akasika mapurasitiki akaenzana nesimbi - yakasimba asi isingaremi.Plastics, iyo makemikari dzimwe nguva anodana mapolymers, ikirasi yemamorekuru akareba-cheni akaumbwa nezvikamu zvipfupi zvinodzokorora zvinonzi monomers.Kusiyana nemapolima ekare esimba rimwe chete, zvinhu zvitsva chete. Inouya mumembrane form.Iyo zvakare ine 50 times more airtight pane purasitiki isingapindiri pamusika.Chimwe chinocherechedzwa chepolymer iyi kuve nyore kwayo. of synthesis.Maitirwo acho, anoitika patembiricha yekamuri, anongoda zvinhu zvakachipa chete, uye polima inogona kugadzirwa-zhinji mumashiti makuru anongokora nanometers.Vatsvakurudzi vanorondedzera zvavakawana Feb. 2 mumagazini Nature.
Nyaya iri kutaurwa iyi inonzi polyamide, threaded network yeamide molecular units (amides ndiwo mapoka emakemikari enitrogen anonamirwa kumaatomu e<em>oxygen-bonded carbon). Mapolymer akadai anosanganisira Kevlar, faibha inoshandiswa kugadzira mabhati asingapindi bara, uye Nomex, moto- SaKevlar, mamorekuru epolyamide ari muchinhu chitsva akabatanidzwa kune rimwe nerimwe nemabhondi ehydrogen pakureba kwecheni dzawo, izvo zvinowedzera. simba rose rezvinhu.
"Vanonamatira pamwe chete seVelcro," akadaro munyori anotungamirira Michael Strano, MIT kemikari injiniya.Kubvarura zvinhu zvinoda kwete kungoputsa munhu mumwe nomumwe cheni dzema molecular, asiwo kukunda giant intermolecular hydrogen bonds iyo inopinda mupolymer bundle yose.
Mukuwedzera, mapolymers matsva anogona kungoita mazhenje.Izvi zvinoita kuti zvinhu zvive nyore kugadzirisa, sezvo zvinogona kugadzirwa kuva mafirimu matete kana kushandiswa sechinhu chitete-firimu pamusoro pekuputira.Mapolymer echinyakare anowanzokura semaketani ane mutsara, kana kuti kakawanda bazi uye chinongedzo mumativi matatu, zvisinei negwara.Asi mapolymer eStrano anokura nenzira yakasarudzika mu2D kuita nanosheets.
“Unokwanisa here kuunganidza pabepa? Zvinoitika, kazhinji, haugone kuzviita kusvika basa redu, "akadaro Strano." Saka, takawana nzira itsva. Mune iri basa richangoburwa, timu yake yakakunda chipingamupinyi kuita kuti kuunganidzwa kwemativi maviri uku kugoneke.
Chikonzero nei polyaramides ine planar chimiro ndechekuti polymer synthesis inosanganisira nzira inonzi autocatalytic templating: nepo polymer ichirebesa uye inonamira kune monomer zvidhinha zvekuvaka, iyo inokura polymer network inoita kuti vanozotevera monomers vangosanganiswa munzira kwayo kusimbisa mubatanidzwa we two.dimensional structure.Vatsvakurudzi vakaratidza kuti vaigona kupfekedza polima nyore nyore mumhinduro pamawafers kuti vagadzire laminates shoma. kupfuura 4 nanometers ukobvu.Iyo ingangoita miriyoni imwe yeukobvu hwenguva dzose bepa remuhofisi.
Kuti vaone mashandiro emuchina wepolymer material, vatsvakurudzi vakayera simba rinodiwa kubvongodza maburi mubepa rakarembera rezvinhu zvine tsono yakanaka. Iyi polyamide yakaoma zvechokwadi kupfuura yechinyakare polima senaironi, jira rinoshandiswa kugadzira parachuti. zvinoda simba rakapetwa kaviri kusunungura iyi polyamide yakasimba zvikuru sesimbi yeukobvu humwe chete.Maererano naStrano, chinhu ichi chinogona kushandiswa sechinhu chinodzivirira. pamusoro pesimbi, senge sefa yemotokari, kana sesefa yekuchenesa mvura. Mukushanda kwekupedzisira, iyo yakakodzera sefa membrane inoda kuve yakatetepa asi yakasimba zvakakwana kuti ikwanise kumirisana nekumanikidza kwakanyanya pasina kubuda diki, zvinokanganisa zvinosvibisa mudura redu rekupedzisira - yakakwana. inokodzera iyi polyamide zvinhu.
Mune ramangwana, Strano anotarisira kuwedzera nzira yepolymerization kune akasiyana mapolymer kupfuura iyi analogi yeKevlar." Mapolymers akatitenderedza," akadaro. Fungidzira uchishandura akawanda akasiyana mapolymers, kunyangwe ekunze anogona kuitisa magetsi kana mwenje, kuita mafirimu matete anogona kuvhara akasiyana siyana, anowedzera. Akadaro Stano.
Munyika yakakomberedzwa nemapurasitiki, nzanga ine chikonzero chekufara pamusoro peimwe polymer itsva ine michina miitiro isingawanzoitiki, Strano akadaro. Iyi aramid yakasimba zvakanyanya, zvinoreva kuti tinogona kutsiva mapurasitiki emazuva ese, kubva pendi kuenda kumabhegi kusvika kurongedza chikafu, ine zvinhu zvishoma uye zvakasimba.Strano akawedzera kuti kubva pakuona kwekusimudzira, iyi super-yakasimba 2D polymer inhanho munzira chaiyo yekusunungura nyika kubva mupurasitiki.
Shi En Kim (sekudanwa kwaanowanzonzi Kim) munyori wesainzi akaberekerwa kuMalaysia akasununguka uye Popular Science Spring 2022 mupepeti wenhau. Akanyora zvakanyanya pamisoro inobvira pakushandiswa kwedandemutande—vanhu kana dandemutande pacharo—kusvika pakunhonga marara. muchadenga.
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Nguva yekutumira: May-19-2022