Standard flat-platform matangi eBEVs neFCEVs anoshandisa thermoplastic uye thermoset composites ine skeleton kuvaka inopa 25% yakawanda H2 kuchengetedza. #hydrogen #maitiro
Mushure mekubatana neBMW kwakaratidza kuti cubic tank inogona kuunza yakakwira volumetric kugona kupfuura akati wandei masilinda madiki, iyo Technical University yeMunich yakatanga chirongwa chekugadzira chimiro chakaumbwa uye scalable kugadzira maitiro ekugadzira serial. Chikwereti chemufananidzo: TU Dresden (kumusoro) kuruboshwe), Technical University yeMunich, Dhipatimendi reCarbon Composites (LCC)
Fuel cell electric mota (FCEVs) inofambiswa ne zero-emission (H2) hydrogen inopa dzimwe nzira dzekuzadzisa zero zvinangwa zvezvakatipoteredza. Imotokari yemotokari inotakura motokari ine injini yeH2 inogona kuzadzwa mumaminitsi mashanu-7 uye ine huwandu hwemakiromita mazana mashanu, asi ikozvino inodhura zvakanyanya nekuda kwehuwandu hwekugadzira. Imwe nzira yekudzikisa mutengo ndeye kushandisa yakajairwa chikuva cheBEV neFCEV modhi. Izvi pari zvino hazvigoneke nekuti Type 4 cylindrical matangi anoshandiswa kuchengetedza yakadzvanywa H2 gasi (CGH2) pa700 bar muFCEVs haina kukodzera kune underbody bhatiri compartments dzakanyatsogadzirirwa mota dzemagetsi. Nekudaro, midziyo yekumanikidza mumhando yemapiro uye cubes inogona kukwana mune ino furati yekurongedza nzvimbo.
Patent US5577630A ye "Composite Conformal Pressure Vessel", chikumbiro chakaiswa naThiokol Corp. muna 1995 (kuruboshwe) uye rectangular pressure ngarava ine patented neBMW muna 2009 (kurudyi).
Dhipatimendi reCarbon Composites (LCC) yeTechnical University yeMunich (TUM, Munich, Germany) inobatanidzwa mumapurojekiti maviri ekuvandudza pfungwa iyi. Yekutanga iPolymers4Hydrogen (P4H), inotungamirwa neLeoben Polymer Competence Center (PCCL, Leoben, Austria). Iyo LCC work package inotungamirwa naFellow Elizabeth Glace.
Yechipiri purojekiti ndeyeHydrogen Demonstration uye Development Environment (HyDDen), uko LCC inotungamirwa neMuongorori Christian Jaeger. Ose ari maviri anovavarira kugadzira kuratidzwa kwakakura kwemaitiro ekugadzira ekugadzira yakakodzera CGH2 tank uchishandisa kabhoni fiber composites.
Pane kushomeka kwevhoriyamu kushanda zvakanaka kana masilinda madiki dhayamita akaiswa mumaseru ebhatiri (kuruboshwe) uye cubic mhando 2 midziyo yekumanikidza yakagadzirwa nesimbi liner uye kabhoni faibha / epoxy composite kunze goko (kurudyi). Mufananidzo Kunobva: Mifananidzo 3 uye 6 inobva ku "Numerical Design Approach for Type II Pressure Box Vessel ine Internal Tension Legs" naRuf naZaremba et al.
P4H yakagadzira tangi yekuyedza cube inoshandisa thermoplastic furemu ine composite tension straps/struts yakaputirwa mucarbon fiber reinforced epoxy. HyDDen ichashandisa dhizaini yakafanana, asi ichashandisa otomatiki fiber layup (AFP) kugadzira ese thermoplastic composite matangi.
Kubva pakushandisa patent naThiokol Corp. kuenda ku "Composite Conformal Pressure Vessel" muna 1995 kuenda kuGerman Patent DE19749950C2 muna 1997, ngarava dzegasi dzakamanikidzwa "dzinogona kunge dziine geometric kumisikidzwa", asi kunyanya dzakafuratira uye dzisina kujairika maumbirwo, mugomba rakabatana nerutsigiro rwegoko. . zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kuitira kuti zvikwanise kumira nesimba rekuwedzera kwegasi.
A 2006 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) bepa rinotsanangura nzira nhatu: filament ronda conformal pressure vessel, microlattice pressure vessel ine mukati orthorhombic lattice structure (masero maduku 2 cm kana pasi), akakomberedzwa nekatete-madziro H2 mudziyo, uye chigadziko chekudzokorora, chinosanganisira chimiro chemukati chinosanganisira zvikamu zvidiki zvakanamirwa (semuenzaniso, mhete dzepurasitiki dzine hexagonal) uye kuumbwa kweganda rakatetepa rekunze. Duplicate midziyo inonyatsokodzera midziyo mihombe uko nzira dzechinyakare dzinogona kunetsa kushandisa.
Patent DE102009057170A yakakwidzwa neVolkswagen muna 2009 inotsanangura mota-yakamisikidzwa yekumanikidza chikepe chinopa huremu hwepamusoro uchivandudza mashandisirwo enzvimbo. Rectangular matangi anoshandisa tension connectors pakati pemadziro maviri rectangular akatarisana, uye makona akatenderedzwa.
Aya ari pamusoro uye mamwe mazano akataurwa naGleiss mubepa "Maitiro Ekuvandudza kweCubic Pressure Vessels ane Stretch Bars" naGleiss et al. paECCM20 (Chikumi 26-30, 2022, Lausanne, Switzerland). Muchinyorwa chino, anotaura ongororo yeTUM yakabudiswa naMichael Roof naSven Zaremba, iyo yakaona kuti cubic pressure ngarava ine tension struts inobatanidza rectangular mativi inoshanda kupfuura masilinda madiki akati wandei anokwana munzvimbo yebhatiri rakafuratira, achipa angangoita makumi maviri neshanu. % zvimwe. nzvimbo yekuchengetera.
Maererano naGleiss, dambudziko rekuisa nhamba huru yemhando duku 4 cylinders mune imwe flat kesi ndeyekuti "vhoriyamu pakati pemasilinda inoderedzwa zvakanyanya uye iyo system inewo yakakura kwazvo H2 gas permeation surface. Pakazere, sisitimu iyi inopa mashoma kuchengetedza kupfuura cubic zvirongo. "
Nekudaro, kune mamwe matambudziko netangi cubic dhizaini. "Zviripachena, nekuda kwegasi rakamanikidzwa, unofanirwa kurwisa masimba ekukotama pamadziro akafuratira," akadaro Gleiss. "Nekuda kweizvi, unoda chivakwa chakasimbiswa chinobatanidza mukati nemadziro etangi. Asi izvo zvakaoma kuita nemacomposites. "
Glace nechikwata chake vakaedza kubatanidza masimbi ekusimbisa mumudziyo wekumanikidza nenzira yaizokodzera iyo filament winding process. "Izvi zvakakosha pakugadzirwa kwepamusoro-soro," anotsanangura kudaro, "uye zvakare zvinotibvumira kugadzira maitiro ekumonereka emadziro emidziyo kuti tikwidzise kutaridzika kwefiber pamutoro wega wega munzvimbo."
Matanho mana ekugadzira kuyedzwa cubic composite tank yeP4H chirongwa. Chikwereti chemufananidzo: "Kugadziridzwa kwemaitiro ekugadzira ezvikepe zvecubic zvine brace", Technical University yeMunich, Polymers4Hydrogen chirongwa, ECCM20, Chikumi 2022.
Kuti uwane pa-cheni, timu yakagadzira pfungwa nyowani ine matanho mana makuru, sezvaratidzwa pamusoro. Iyo tension struts, inoratidzwa mutema pamatanho, ndeye yakafanogadzirwa furemu chimiro chakagadzirwa uchishandisa nzira dzakatorwa kubva kuMAI Skelett chirongwa. Pachirongwa ichi, BMW yakagadzira “framework” ye windshield frame ichishandisa mana fiber-reinforced pultrusion rods, idzo dzakazoumbwa kuita purasitiki.
Iyo furemu yekuyedza cubic tank. Hexagonal skeletal sections 3D yakadhindwa neTUM ichishandisa isina kusimbiswa PLA filament (kumusoro), kuisa CF/PA6 pultrusion rods se tension braces (pakati) uyezve nekuputira filament kutenderedza mabhureshi (pazasi). Mufananidzo wechikwereti: Technical University yeMunich LCC.
"Pfungwa ndeyekuti iwe unogona kuvaka chimiro checubic tank se modular chimiro," akadaro Glace. "Mamodule aya anobva aiswa mumudziyo wekuumba, tension struts inoiswa mumafuremu modules, uyezve MAI Skelett nzira inoshandiswa kutenderedza struts kuti avasanganise nezvikamu zvefuremu." misa yekugadzira nzira, zvichikonzera chimiro chinozoshandiswa semandrel kana musimboti kuputira tangi yekuchengetera composite shell.
TUM yakagadzira tangi furemu se "cushion" cubic ine mativi akasimba, makona akatenderedzwa uye hexagonal pateni kumusoro uye pasi kuburikidza iyo zvisungo zvinogona kuiswa nekubatanidzwa. Maburi emaraki aya zvakare akadhindwa 3D. "Pakutanga tangi yedu yekuedza, isu 3D yakadhinda hexagonal furemu zvikamu tichishandisa polylactic acid [PLA, bio-based thermoplastic] nekuti yaive nyore uye yakachipa," akadaro Glace.
Chikwata chakatenga 68 pultruded carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6 (PA6) tsvimbo kubva kuSGL Carbon (Meitingen, Germany) kuti ishandiswe sezvisungo. “Kuti tiedze pfungwa yacho, hatina kumbogadzira,” anodaro Gleiss, “asi takangopinza zvipenga muzinga rehuchi rakadhindwa re3D ndokuanamira neglue epoxy. Izvi zvinobva zvapa mandrel ekumoneresa tangi. " Anotaura kuti kunyange zvazvo tsvimbo idzi dziri nyore kuvhuvhuta, kune mamwe matambudziko makuru achatsanangurwa gare gare.
"Padanho rekutanga, chinangwa chedu chaive chekuratidza manufacturability ekugadzira uye kuona matambudziko mune yekugadzira pfungwa," akatsanangura Gleiss. "Saka tension struts inobuda kubva kunze kweskeletal chimiro, uye isu tinosungirira kabhoni fiber kune iyi musimboti tichishandisa wet filament winding. Mushure meizvi, munhanho yechitatu, tinokotamisa musoro weti imwe neimwe tsvimbo. thermoplastic, saka tinongoshandisa kupisa kuti tigadzirise musoro kuitira kuti ugoita uye uvhare muchikamu chekutanga chekuputira. Isu tobva taenderera mberi nekuputira chimiro zvakare kuitira kuti iyo flat thrust head is geometrically yakavharirwa mukati metangi. laminate pamadziro.
Spacer chivharo chemhepo. TUM inoshandisa zvivharo zvepurasitiki pamigumo yetension rods kudzivirira mafiber kuti asatuke panguva yekumonereka kwemafilamenti. Mufananidzo wechikwereti: Technical University yeMunich LCC.
Glace akadzokorora kuti tangi yekutanga iyi yaive humbowo hwepfungwa. "Kushandiswa kwe3D kudhinda uye glue kwaingova kwekutanga kuyedzwa uye kwakatipa pfungwa yemamwe mashoma ematambudziko atakasangana nawo. Semuenzaniso, panguva yekuputika, mafilaments akabatwa nemagumo emakumbo ekumanikidzika, zvichiita kuti fiber iparare, kukuvara kwefiber, uye kuderedza huwandu hwefiber kurwisana neizvi. takashandisa zvivharo zvishoma zvepurasitiki sezviyamuro zvokugadzira zvaiiswa pamatanda pamberi penhano yokutanga yokumonereka.Zvino, apo marambi emukati akaitwa, taibvisa zvivharo izvi zvinodzivirira ndokugadzirazve migumo yematanda tisati taputirwa kwokupedzisira.”
Chikwata chakaedza nemhando dzakasiyana dzekuvaka patsva. “Vaya vanotarisa-tarisa vanoshanda zvakanyanya,” anodaro Grace. "Zvakare, panguva yechikamu cheprototyping, takashandisa chigadziriso chewelding kuti tiise kupisa uye kugadziridza magumo etambo. Mune imwe pfungwa yekugadzira yakawanda, iwe unenge uine imwe hombe chishandiso chinogona kuumba uye kuumba migumo yese ye struts mune yemukati yekupedzisa laminate panguva imwe chete. . ”
Misoro yedhirowa yakagadziridzwa patsva. TUM yakaedza nemafungiro akasiyana uye yakagadziridza welds kuti ienderane magumo ezvisungo zvakasanganiswa zvekunamatira kune tangi madziro laminate. Chikwereti chemufananidzo: "Kugadziridzwa kwemaitiro ekugadzira ezvikepe zvecubic zvine brace", Technical University yeMunich, Polymers4Hydrogen chirongwa, ECCM20, Chikumi 2022.
Nokudaro, iyo laminate inoporeswa mushure mekutanga kupeta nhanho, zvigaro zvinogadziriswazve, TUM inopedza mhepo yechipiri yefilaments, uye ipapo tangi rekunze rusvingo laminate rinoporeswa kechipiri. Ndokumbira utarise kuti iyi imhando ye5 tank dhizaini, zvinoreva kuti haina purasitiki liner sechivharo chegasi. Ona nhaurirano muchikamu cheMatanho Anotevera pazasi.
"Takacheka demo rekutanga kuita zvikamu zvakachinjika uye takaronga nzvimbo yakabatana," akadaro Glace. "Kuvhara kunoratidza kuti isu takanga tine nyaya dzemhando yepamusoro nelaminate, ine misoro ye strut isingaradzike pane yemukati laminate."
Kugadzirisa matambudziko nemagapu pakati pe laminate yemukati nekunze madziro etangi. Iyo yakagadziridzwa tie tsvimbo musoro inogadzira mukaha pakati pekutanga neyechipiri kutendeuka kwetangi rekuyedza. Mufananidzo wechikwereti: Technical University yeMunich LCC.
Iyi yekutanga 450 x 290 x 80mm tank yakapedzwa zhizha rapfuura. "Takaita budiriro huru kubva ipapo, asi tichine mukaha pakati pelaminate yemukati neyekunze," akadaro Glace. “Saka takaedza kuzadza iwo maburi netsvina yakachena, yakakwirira viscosity resin. Izvi zvinovandudza hukama pakati pezvitubu uye laminate, izvo zvinowedzera kushushikana kwemagetsi. "
Chikwata chakaenderera mberi nekugadzira dhizaini uye maitiro, kusanganisira zvigadziriso zveyaidiwa mamhepo pateni. "Mativi etangi rekuyedza aive asina kunyatsopeta nekuti zvaive zvakaoma kuti geometry iyi igadzire nzira inomonereka," akatsanangura Glace. “Makona edu ekutanga ekumonereka aive 75°, asi taiziva kuti matunhu akawanda aidiwa kusangana nemutoro mumudziyo uyu wekumanikidza. Tichiri kutsvaga mhinduro yedambudziko iri, asi hazvisi nyore nesoftware parizvino iri pamusika. Inogona kuva chirongwa chekutevera.
"Takaratidza kugona kweiyi pfungwa yekugadzira," anodaro Gleiss, "asi isu tinofanirwa kushanda zvakanyanya kuti tivandudze kubatana pakati pelaminate nekugadzirisa zvakare tambo dzetii. “Kuongorora kwekunze pamushini wekuyedza. Iwe unodhonza ma spacers kunze kwelaminate uye kuyedza mitoro iyo majoini anogona kumira."
Ichi chikamu chePolymers4Hydrogen chirongwa chichapedzwa pakupera kwa2023, panguva iyo Gleis anotarisira kupedzisa yechipiri tangi yekuratidzira. Sezvineiwo, madhizaini nhasi anoshandisa yakatsetseka yakasimbiswa thermoplastics mufuremu uye thermoset composite mumadziro etangi. Iyi nzira yakasanganiswa ichashandiswa here mutangi rekupedzisira rekuratidzira? “Ehe,” akadaro Grace. "Vatinoshanda navo mupurojekiti yePolymers4Hydrogen vari kugadzira epoxy resin uye zvimwe zvakaumbwa matrix zvinhu zvine zvirinani hydrogen barriers zvivakwa." Anonyora shamwari mbiri dzinoshanda pabasa iri, PCCL neYunivhesiti yeTampere (Tampere, Finland).
Gleiss nechikwata chake vakapanawo ruzivo uye vakakurukura mazano naJaeger pachirongwa chechipiri cheHyDDen kubva kuLCC conformal composite tank.
"Tichave tichigadzira dhizaini yakabatana yekumanikidza yekutsvagisa drones," anodaro Jaeger. “Uku kubatana pakati pemadhipatimendi maviri eAerospace neGeodetic Dhipatimendi reTUM - LCC neDhipatimendi reHelicopter Technology (HT). Iyo purojekiti ichapedzwa mukupera kwa2024 uye isu tiri kupedzisa ngarava yekumanikidza. dhizaini iyo yakawanda yeaerospace uye nzira yemotokari. Mushure meiyi nhanho yekutanga yepfungwa, nhanho inotevera ndeyekuita yakadzama yekumisikidza modhi uye kufanotaura kuvharidzira kuita kwemadziro.
"Pfungwa yese ndeyekugadzira drone yekuongorora ine hybrid mafuta cell uye bhatiri propulsion system," akaenderera mberi. Ichashandisa bhatiri panguva yekuremerwa kwemagetsi akakwira (kureva kusimuka nekumhara) uye yobva yachinja kune sero remafuta panguva yekuremerwa kwekutakura. "Chikwata cheHT chakange chatova nedhigirii rekutsvagisa uye rakagadziridza simba rekushandisa zvese mabhatiri uye masero emafuta," Yeager akadaro. "Vakatengawo tangi yeCGH2 yekuyedza kutapurirana uku."
"Chikwata changu chakapihwa basa rekugadzira prototype yetangi yekumanikidza yaizokwana, asi kwete nekuda kwenyaya dzekurongedza dzaizogadzirwa necylindrical tank," anotsanangura. “Tangi rakapfava haripi mhepo yakasimba. Saka unowana kuita zvirinani pakubhururuka." Tangi zviyero approx. 830 x 350 x 173 mm.
Yakazara thermoplastic AFP inoenderana tank. Pachirongwa cheHyDDen, boka reLCC paTUM rakatanga kuongorora nzira yakafanana kune yakashandiswa naGlace (pamusoro), asi ndokuzoenda kune imwe nzira vachishandisa musanganiswa wemamodule akati wandei, ayo akazoshandiswa zvakanyanyisa kushandisa AFP (pazasi). Mufananidzo wechikwereti: Technical University yeMunich LCC.
“Imwe pfungwa yakafanana nemaitiro aElisabeth [Gleiss],” anodaro Yager, “kuisa zvitsigiro zvesimbi kumadziro engarava kuti atsigire simba rokukombama. Nekudaro, pachinzvimbo chekushandisa mhepo yekugadzira tangi, isu tinoshandisa AFP. Nokudaro, takafunga nezvekugadzira chikamu chakasiyana chemudziyo wekumanikidza, umo masheji atove akabatanidzwa. Iyi nzira yakandibvumira kusanganisa akati wandei emamodule aya akabatanidzwa ndozoisa chivharo chekuisa chisimbiso chese pamberi pekupedzisira AFP mhepo. "
"Tiri kuedza kupedzisa pfungwa yakadaro," akaenderera mberi, "uye zvakare kutanga kuedza kusarudzwa kwezvinhu, izvo zvakakosha kuti tive nechokwadi chekudzivisa kudiwa kweH2 kupinda kwegesi. Kune izvi, isu tinonyanya kushandisa thermoplastic zvinhu uye tiri kushanda pane akasiyana mabatiro achaita zvinhu izvi hunhu hwepermeation uye kugadzirisa mumushini weAFP. Izvo zvakakosha kuti unzwisise kana kurapwa kuchave nemhedzisiro uye kana chero post-processing ichidikanwa. Isu tinodawo kuziva kana mastacks akasiyana achizokanganisa hydrogen permeation kuburikidza nemudziyo wekumanikidza. "
Iyo tangi ichave yakagadzirwa zvachose ye thermoplastic uye mitsetse ichapihwa neTeijin Carbon Europe GmbH (Wuppertal, Germany). "Tichave tichishandisa PPS yavo [polyphenylene sulfide], PEEK [polyether ketone] uye LM PAEK [low melting polyaryl ketone] zvinhu," Yager akadaro. "Kuenzanisa kunozoitwa kuti uone kuti ndeipi yakanakira kudzivirira kupinda uye kugadzira zvikamu zvine kuita kuri nani." Anotarisira kupedzisa kuyedza, kurongeka uye kugadzira modhi uye yekutanga kuratidzira mukati megore rinotevera.
Basa rekutsvagisa rakaitwa mukati meiyo COMET module "Polymers4Hydrogen" (ID 21647053) mukati mechirongwa cheCOMET cheFederal Ministry yeKuchinja Kwemamiriro ekunze, iyo Environment, Energy, Mobility, Innovation uye Technology uye Federal Ministry yeDigital Technology uye Economics. . Vanyori vanotenda vashandi vari kutora chikamu Polymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH (PCCL, Austria), Montanuniversitaet Leoben (Faculty of Polymer Engineering neScience, Dhipatimendi reKemistry yePolymer Materials, Dhipatimendi reZvinhu Sayenzi uye Polymer Testing), University of Tampere (Faculty of Engineering Zvishandiso). ) Sainzi), Peak Technology naFaurecia vakabatsira pabasa iri rekutsvagisa. COMET-Modul inopihwa mari nehurumende yeAustria uye hurumende yenyika yeStyria.
Pre-yakasimbiswa mapepa ezvigadziro zvinotakura zvinotakura zvinopfuurira fiber - kwete chete kubva mugirazi, asiwo kubva kune kabhoni uye aramid.
Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekugadzira zvikamu zvakasanganiswa. Naizvozvo, kusarudzwa kwenzira yechimwe chikamu kunotsamira pane izvo zvinhu, dhizaini yechikamu, uye yekupedzisira kushandiswa kana kushandiswa. Heino gwaro rekusarudza.
Shocker Composites uye R&M International vari kugadzira yakadzokororwa kabhoni faibha yekugovera cheni inopa zero kuuraya, mutengo wakaderera pane mhandara fiber uye inozopedzisira yapa hurefu hunoswedera kunoenderera faibha mune zvimiro.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-15-2023