Kunezinkulungwane zamapulasitiki emakethe ukuze kwenziwe i-prototyping ngokushesha noma ukukhiqizwa kwezinga elincane - ukukhetha ipulasitiki efanele yephrojekthi ethile kungaba yinto enzima kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kulabo abasafufusa abasunguli noma osomabhizinisi abasafufusa. Into ngayinye imele ukuvumelana ngokwezindleko, amandla, ukuguquguquka nokuqedwa kwendawo. Kudingekile ukucabangela hhayi kuphela ukusetshenziswa kwengxenye noma umkhiqizo, kodwa futhi imvelo lapho izosetshenziswa khona.
Ngokuvamile, amapulasitiki wobunjiniyela athuthukise izakhiwo zemishini ezinikeza ukuqina okukhulu futhi azishintshi phakathi nenqubo yokukhiqiza. Ezinye izinhlobo zamapulasitiki zingabuye zilungiswe ukuze zithuthukise amandla azo, kanye nomthelela nokumelana nokushisa. Ake singene ezintweni zepulasitiki ezehlukene okufanele sizicabangele kuye ngokusebenza kwengxenye yokugcina noma umkhiqizo.
Enye yezinhlaka ezivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ukwenza izingxenye zemishini inayiloni, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-polyamide (PA). Uma i-polyamide ixutshwa ne-molybdenum, inobuso obushelelezi ukuze inyakaze kalula. Kodwa-ke, amagiya enayiloni-on-nylon awanconywa ngoba, njengamapulasitiki, avame ukunamathelana. I-PA inokumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu nokuhuzuka, kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle zemishini emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Inayiloni iyinto efanelekile yokuphrinta kwe-3D ngepulasitiki, kodwa imunca amanzi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
I-Polioxymethylene (POM) nayo iyisinqumo esihle kakhulu sezingxenye zemishini. I-POM inhlaka ye-acetal esetshenziselwa ukwenza i-Delrin ye-DuPont, ipulasitiki ebalulekile esetshenziswa kumagiya, izikulufu, amasondo nokunye. I-POM inamandla aphezulu aguquguqukayo futhi aqinile, ukuqina kanye nobulukhuni. Kodwa-ke, i-POM yonakaliswa yi-alkali, i-chlorine namanzi ashisayo, futhi kunzima ukunamathelana.
Uma iphrojekthi yakho iwuhlobo oluthile lwesiqukathi, i-polypropylene (PP) iyisinqumo esingcono kakhulu. I-Polypropylene isetshenziswa ezitsheni zokugcina ukudla ngenxa yokuthi ayikwazi ukumelana nokushisa, ayingenwa amafutha nezincibilikisi, futhi ayiwakhiphi amakhemikhali, okwenza kuphephe ukudliwa. I-Polypropylene futhi inokulinganisela okuhle kakhulu kokuqina namandla okuthinta, okwenza kube lula ukwenza izihibe ezingagotshwa ngokuphindaphindiwe ngaphandle kokuphuka. Ingasetshenziswa futhi kumapayipi namapayipi.
Enye inketho i-polyethylene (PE). I-PE iyipulasitiki evame kakhulu emhlabeni enamandla aphansi, ubulukhuni nokuqina. Ngokuvamile kuba ipulasitiki elimhlophe eliwubisi elisetshenziselwa ukwenza amabhodlela emithi, ubisi nezitsha zokuhlanza. I-polyethylene imelana kakhulu nezinhlobonhlobo zamakhemikhali kodwa inephuzu eliphansi lokuncibilika.
I-Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) impahla ilungele noma iyiphi iphrojekthi edinga ukumelana nomthelela omkhulu kanye nokumelana okuphezulu nokukhala nokuphuka. I-ABS ilula futhi ingaqiniswa nge-fiberglass. Ibiza kakhulu kune-styrene, kodwa ihlala isikhathi eside ngenxa yokuqina kwayo namandla. Imodeli ye-ABS 3D eyenziwe nge-Fusion yokwenza i-prototyping esheshayo.
Njengoba kunikezwe izakhiwo zayo, i-ABS iyinketho enhle yezinto ezigqokwayo. Kwa-Star Rapid, sidale ikesi le-smartwatch le-E3design sisebenzisa ipulasitiki efakwe umjovo emnyama ependwe ngaphambili ye-ABS/PC. Lokhu kukhetha kokubalulekile kwenza yonke idivayisi ibe lula, kuyilapho ihlinzeka ngekesi elingamelana nokushaqeka ngezikhathi ezithile, njengalapho iwashi lishaya indawo eqinile. I-polystyrene ephezulu enethonya (HIPS) iyisinqumo esihle uma udinga into eguquguqukayo neqinile. Lokhu okubalulekile kulungele ukwenza amakesi wamathuluzi wamandla aqinile namakesi amathuluzi. Yize i-HIPS ithengeka, ayithathwa njengenobungani bemvelo.
Amaphrojekthi amaningi adinga ama-resin okubumba umjovo anokuqina njengerabha. I-Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) iyisinqumo esihle ngoba inamafomu amaningi akhethekile wokunwebeka okuphezulu, ukusebenza okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa nokuqina. I-TPU iphinde isetshenziswe kumathuluzi kagesi, amarola, ukuvala amakhebula, nasezimpahleni zemidlalo. Ngenxa yokumelana kwayo ne-solvent, i-TPU inokuhuzuka okuphezulu namandla okugunda futhi ingasetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi zezimboni. Nokho, yaziwa ngokumunca umswakama ovela emkhathini, okwenza kube nzima ukucubungula ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza. Ekwakheni umjovo, kunenjoloba ye-thermoplastic (TPR), engabizi futhi kulula ukuyiphatha, njengokwenza izinto ezibamba irabha ezibamba ukushaqeka.
Uma ingxenye yakho idinga amalensi acacile noma amafasitela, i-acrylic (PMMA) ingcono kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuqina nokumelana nokuhuzuka, le nto isetshenziselwa ukwenza amafasitela angashayiki njenge-plexiglass. I-PMMA iphinde ipholishe kahle, inamandla amahle okuqina, futhi ibiza ngempumelelo ekukhiqizweni kwevolumu ephezulu. Kodwa-ke, akuwona umthelela noma ukumelana namakhemikhali njenge-polycarbonate (PC).
Uma iphrojekthi yakho idinga izinto eziqinile, i-PC inamandla kune-PMMA futhi inezici ezinhle kakhulu zokubona, okuyenza ibe ukukhetha okufanele kumalensi namafasitela angangenwa izinhlamvu. I-PC ingabuye igobe futhi yakheke ekamelweni lokushisa ngaphandle kokuphuka. Lokhu kuyasiza ekwenzeni i-prototyping ngoba akudingi amathuluzi esikhunta abizayo ukuze kwakheke. I-PC ibiza kakhulu kune-acrylic, futhi ukuchayeka isikhathi eside emanzini ashisayo kungakhulula amakhemikhali ayingozi, ngakho-ke ayihlangabezani nezindinganiso zokuphepha kokudla. Ngenxa yomthelela wayo nokumelana nokuklwebheka, i-PC ilungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene. Kwa-Star Rapid, sisebenzisa le nto ukwenza izindlu zamatheminali aphathwayo e-Muller Commercial Solutions. Ingxenye yayiyi-CNC eyenziwe ngomshini kusuka kubhlokhi eqinile ye-PC; njengoba kwakudingeka icace ngokuphelele, yayigcotshwa ngesandla futhi ipholishwe ngesitimu.
Lokhu ukubukeza kafushane kwamanye amapulasitiki asetshenziswa kakhulu ekukhiqizeni. Eziningi zalezi zingashintshwa ngemicu yengilazi ehlukene, iziqinisi ze-UV, izinto zokuthambisa noma ezinye izinhlaka ukuze kuzuzwe imininingwane ethile.
U-Gordon Stiles ungumsunguli nomongameli we-Star Rapid, inkampani ekhiqiza amathuluzi esheshayo, esheshayo nekhiqiza umthamo ophansi. Ngokusekelwe kumlando wakhe wobunjiniyela, uStiles wasungula i-Star Rapid ngo-2005 futhi ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe inkampani isikhule yaba nabasebenzi abangu-250. I-Star Rapid isebenzisa ithimba lamazwe ngamazwe lonjiniyela nochwepheshe abahlanganisa ubuchwepheshe besimanje obufana nokuphrinta kwe-3D kanye ne-CNC multi-axis machining ngamasu okukhiqiza endabuko kanye namazinga aphezulu. Ngaphambi kokujoyina i-Star Rapid, Izitayela zaziphethe futhi zisebenza I-STAYLES RPD, inkampani enkulu kunazo zonke yase-UK yokunyathelisa nokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi, eyathengiswa e-ARRK Europe ngo-2000.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Apr-19-2023