Amathangi asezingeni eliyisicaba asetshenziswa ama-BEV kanye nama-FCEV asebenzisa izinhlanganisela ze-thermoplastic ne-thermoset ezinokwakhiwa kwamathambo okunikeza isitoreji esingu-25% ngaphezulu kwe-H2. #hydrogen #amathrendi
Ngemva kokubambisana nabakwa-BMW kubonise ukuthi ithangi eliyi-cubic lingaletha ukusebenza kahle kwevolumu ephezulu kunamasilinda amancane amaningi, i-Technical University yaseMunich yaqala iphrojekthi yokuthuthukisa isakhiwo esiyinhlanganisela kanye nenqubo yokukhiqiza eyingozi yokukhiqizwa kwe-serial. Ikhredithi yesithombe: TU Dresden (phezulu) kwesokunxele), Technical University of Munich, Department of Carbon Composites (LCC)
Izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi zamaseli (ama-FCEV) anikwe amandla yi-zero-emission (H2) i-hydrogen inikeza izindlela ezengeziwe zokufeza izinhloso zemvelo eziyiziro. Imoto ethwala i-fuel cell enenjini ye-H2 ingagcwaliswa emizuzwini engu-5-7 futhi inobubanzi obungu-500 km, kodwa okwamanje ibiza kakhulu ngenxa yokukhiqiza okuphansi. Enye indlela yokunciphisa izindleko ukusebenzisa inkundla evamile yamamodeli we-BEV ne-FCEV. Lokhu okwamanje akunakwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi amathangi angamacylindrical oHlobo 4 asetshenziselwa ukugcina igesi ecindezelwe i-H2 (CGH2) kubha engu-700 kuma-FCEV awafanele amakhompathimenti ebhethri angaphansi aklanyelwe ngokucophelela izimoto zikagesi. Kodwa-ke, izitsha zokucindezela ngesimo semicamelo nama-cubes zingangena kulesi sikhala sokupakisha esiyisicaba.
I-Patent US5577630A ye-“Composite Conformal Pressure Vessel”, isicelo esifakwe yi-Thiokol Corp. ngo-1995 (kwesokunxele) kanye nomkhumbi wokucindezela ongunxande ogunyazwe i-BMW ngo-2009 (kwesokudla).
Umnyango Wezinhlanganisela Zekhabhoni (LCC) we-Technical University of Munich (TUM, Munich, Germany) uzibandakanye kumaphrojekthi amabili wokuthuthukisa lo mqondo. Esokuqala yi-Polymers4Hydrogen (P4H), eholwa yi-Leoben Polymer Competence Centre (PCCL, Leoben, Austria). Iphakethe lomsebenzi we-LCC liholwa nguFellow Elizabeth Glace.
Iphrojekthi yesibili i-Hydrogen Demonstration and Development Environment (HyDDen), lapho i-LCC iholwa uMcwaningi uChristian Jaeger. Zombili zihlose ukudala ukuboniswa okukhulu kwenqubo yokukhiqiza yokwenza ithangi elifanele le-CGH2 kusetshenziswa izinhlanganisela ze-carbon fibre.
Kukhona ukusebenza kahle kwevolumu elinganiselwe lapho amasilinda obubanzi obuncane efakwa kumaseli ebhethri asicaba (kwesokunxele) kanye nemikhumbi yokucindezela yohlobo 2 ye-cubic eyenziwe ngezinsimbi zensimbi kanye negobolondo langaphandle eliyinhlanganisela ye-carbon fiber/epoxy (kwesokudla). Umthombo Wesithombe: Izibalo 3 kanye no-6 zisuka kokuthi "I-Numerical Design Approach for Type II Pressure Box Vessel Nemilenze Yangaphakathi Ecindezelayo" ka-Ruf no-Zaremba et al.
I-P4H yenze i-cube tank yokuhlola esebenzisa ifreyimu ye-thermoplastic enemichilo eyinhlanganisela ye-tension/struts esongwe nge-carbon fibre reinforced epoxy. I-HyDDen izosebenzisa umklamo ofanayo, kodwa izosebenzisa i-automatic fibre layup (AFP) ukwenza wonke amathangi ayinhlanganisela ye-thermoplastic.
Kusukela ekufakweni kwelungelo lobunikazi kwe-Thiokol Corp. ukuya ku-“Composite Conformal Pressure Vessel” ngo-1995 kuya ku-German Patent DE19749950C2 ngo-1997, imikhumbi yegesi ecindezelwe “ingase ibe nanoma yikuphi ukucushwa kwejometri”, kodwa ikakhulukazi umumo oyisicaba futhi ongajwayelekile, endaweni exhunywe kusekelo lwegobolondo. . izakhi zisetshenziswa ukuze zikwazi ukumelana namandla okwanda kwegesi.
Iphepha lika-Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) lango-2006 lichaza izindlela ezintathu: umkhumbi we-filament elinenxeba elicindezelayo, umkhumbi we-microlattice pressure oqukethe isakhiwo sangaphakathi se-orthorhombic lattice (amangqamuzana amancane angama-2 cm noma ngaphansi), azungezwe isitsha esinezindonga ezincane ze-H2, kanye nesitsha sokuphindaphinda, esihlanganisa isakhiwo sangaphakathi esinezingxenye ezincane ezinamathiselwe enamathiselwe (isb., izindandatho zepulasitiki ezinama-hexagonal) kanye nokwakheka kwesikhumba segobolondo sangaphandle esincanyana. Iziqukathi eziyimpinda zifaneleka kakhulu iziqukathi ezinkulu lapho izindlela zendabuko zingase zibe nzima ukuzisebenzisa.
I-Patent DE102009057170A efakwe ngabakwaVolkswagen ngo-2009 ichaza umkhumbi wengcindezi ogibele emotweni ozohlinzeka ngokusebenza kahle kwesisindo ngenkathi uthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwendawo. Amathangi angama-rectangular asebenzisa izixhumi zokungezwani phakathi kwezindonga ezimbili eziphambene ezinonxande, kanti amakhona ayindilinga.
Imiqondo engenhla neminye icashunwe ngu-Gleiss ephepheni elithi “Ukuthuthukiswa Kwenqubo Yemikhumbi Yengcindezi Ye-Cubic Nge-Stretch Bar” ka-Gleiss et al. e-ECCM20 (Juni 26-30, 2022, Lausanne, Switzerland). Kulesi sihloko, ucaphuna ucwaningo lwe-TUM olushicilelwe ngu-Michael Roof kanye no-Sven Zaremba, oluthole ukuthi umkhumbi we-cubic pressure onezintambo eziqinile ezixhuma izinhlangothi eziwunxande usebenza kahle kakhulu kunamasilinda ambalwa amancane angena endaweni yebhethri eyisicaba, ehlinzeka cishe ngama-25 % Okuningi. indawo yokugcina.
NgokukaGleiss, inkinga yokufaka inqwaba yamasilinda ohlobo lwe-4 endaweni eyisicaba ukuthi “ivolumu phakathi kwamasilinda iyancipha kakhulu futhi uhlelo luphinde lube nendawo enkulu kakhulu yegesi ye-H2. Sekukonke, uhlelo luhlinzeka ngomthamo omncane wokugcina kunezimbiza zama-cubic. "
Nokho, kunezinye izinkinga ngomklamo we-cubic wethangi. "Ngokusobala, ngenxa yegesi elicindezelweyo, udinga ukumelana namandla okugoba ezindongeni eziyisicaba," kusho uGleiss. “Ngalokhu, udinga isakhiwo esiqinisiwe esixhuma ngaphakathi ezindongeni zethangi. Kodwa lokho kunzima ukukwenza ngama-composites. "
U-Glace nethimba lakhe bazame ukuhlanganisa imigoqo yokuqinisa eqinisayo emkhunjini wokucindezela ngendlela ezofaneleka inqubo yokusonta imicu. "Lokhu kubalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwevolumu ephezulu," uyachaza, "futhi kusivumela ukuthi sidizayine iphethini ejikajikayo yezindonga zamakhonteyina ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-fiber orientation yomthwalo ngamunye endaweni."
Izinyathelo ezine zokwenza ithangi eliyi-cubic composite lephrojekthi ye-P4H. Ikhredithi yesithombe: "Ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokukhiqiza yemikhumbi ye-cubic pressure ene-brace", i-Technical University yaseMunich, iphrojekthi ye-Polymers4Hydrogen, ECCM20, Juni 2022.
Ukuze kuzuzwe ku-on-chain, ithimba lenze umqondo omusha ohlanganisa izinyathelo ezine ezibalulekile, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngenhla. Ama-tension struts, aboniswe ngokumnyama ezitebhisini, ayisakhiwo sohlaka esenziwe ngaphambili esakhiwe kusetshenziswa izindlela ezithathwe kuphrojekthi ye-MAI Skelett. Kule phrojekthi, i-BMW yakha uhlaka lwe-windshield "uhlaka" kusetshenziswa izinduku ezine ze-fiber-reinforced pultrusion, ezabe sezibunjwa zibe uhlaka lwepulasitiki.
Uhlaka lwethangi le-cubic lokuhlola. Izingxenye zohlaka lwamathambo angama-Hexagonal i-3D ephrintwe yi-TUM isebenzisa i-PLA filament engaqinisiwe (phezulu), ifaka ama-CF/PA6 pultrusion rods njengama-tension braces (maphakathi) bese isonga umucu ezisekelweni (ngezansi). Ikhredithi yesithombe: Technical University of Munich LCC.
"Umqondo wukuthi ungakha uhlaka lwethangi le-cubic njengesakhiwo se-modular," kusho uGlace. "Lawa mamojula abe esefakwa ethuluzini lokubumba, ama-tension struts afakwa kumamojula wefreyimu, bese kusetshenziswa indlela ye-MAI Skelett ezungeze ama-struts ukuwahlanganisa nezingxenye zohlaka." indlela yokukhiqiza ngobuningi, okuholela esakhiweni esisetshenziswa ke njenge-mandrel noma umnyombo wokugoqa ithangi lokugcina igobolondo eliyinhlanganisela.
I-TUM iklame ifremu yethangi “njenge cubic” “umcamelo” onezinhlangothi eziqinile, amakhona ayindilinga kanye nephethini eyi-hexagonal phezulu nangaphansi lapho izibopho zingafakwa futhi zinamathiselwe khona. Izimbobo zalawa marack nazo zaphrintwa nge-3D. "Ethangini lethu lokuqala lokuhlola, i-3D siphrinte izigaba zozimele ezine-hexagonal sisebenzisa i-polylactic acid [i-PLA, i-bio-based thermoplastic] ngoba bekulula futhi ishibhile," kusho u-Glace.
Ithimba lithenge izinti ze-polyamide 6 (PA6) eziqinisiwe ze-pultruded carbon fibre ku-SGL Carbon (Meitingen, Germany) ukuze zisetshenziswe njengethayi. UGleiss uthi: “Ukuze sihlole lo mbono, asizange senze lutho oluwubumbayo, kodwa samane safaka ama-spacers ohlaka oluyinhloko lwekhekheba lezinyosi olunyathelisiwe lwe-3D salunamathisela ngeglue epoxy. Lokhu-ke kunikeza i-mandrel yokuvala ithangi. " Uphawula ukuthi nakuba lezi zinduku kulula ukuzivunguza, kunezinkinga ezinkulu ezizochazwa kamuva.
“Esigabeni sokuqala, inhloso yethu bekuwukukhombisa ukwenziwa komklamo nokuhlonza izinkinga emqondweni wokukhiqiza,” kuchaza uGleiss. Ngakho-ke ama-tension struts aphuma ngaphandle kwesakhiwo sohlaka lwamathambo, futhi sinamathisela imicu yekhabhoni kulo mgogodla sisebenzisa ukusonteka okumanzi kwe-filament. Ngemuva kwalokho, esinyathelweni sesithathu, sigoba ikhanda lenduku ngayinye yokubopha. i-thermoplastic, ngakho-ke sisebenzisa ukushisa ukuze simise kabusha ikhanda ukuze libe isicaba futhi livale ungqimba lokuqala lokugoqa. Sibe sesiqhubeka nokugoqa isakhiwo futhi ukuze ikhanda le-thrust flat liboshwe nge-geometrically ngaphakathi kwe-tank. laminate ezindongeni.
I-Spacer cap yokusonta. I-TUM isebenzisa amakepisi epulasitiki emaphethelweni e-tension rods ukuvimbela imicu ukuthi ingahlangani ngesikhathi sokusonteka kwefilament. Ikhredithi yesithombe: Technical University of Munich LCC.
UGlace uphinde wathi leli thangi lokuqala laliwubufakazi bomqondo. “Ukusetshenziswa kokuphrinta kwe-3D neglue bekuwukuhlolwa kokuqala kuphela futhi kusinike umbono wezinkinga ezimbalwa esihlangabezane nazo. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokusonteka, izintambo zabanjwa ekugcineni kwezinduku zokudonsa, okubangela ukuphuka kwe-fiber, ukulimala kwefayibha, nokunciphisa inani le-fiber ukuze kuvikelwe lokhu. sasebenzisa izigqoko zepulasitiki ezimbalwa njengezinsiza zokwenza ezazibekwa ezigxotsheni ngaphambi kwesinyathelo sokuqala esimazombezombe. Khona-ke, lapho kwenziwa ama-laminates angaphakathi, sasisusa lezi zigqoko zokuzivikela futhi silolonge kabusha iziphetho zezigxobo ngaphambi kokusonga okokugcina.”
Ithimba lizame ngezimo ezihlukahlukene zokwakha kabusha. “Labo abaqalaza nxazonke basebenza kangcono kakhulu,” kusho uGrace. “Futhi, phakathi nesigaba se-prototyping, sasebenzisa ithuluzi lokushisela eliguquliwe ukuze sifake ukushisa futhi simise kabusha iziphetho ze-tie rod. Emcabangweni wokukhiqiza ngobuningi, ungaba nethuluzi elilodwa elikhudlwana elingabumba futhi lenze zonke iziphetho ze-struts zibe i-laminate yokuqeda ingaphakathi ngesikhathi esifanayo. . ”
Amakhanda ebha yokudweba abunjwe kabusha. I-TUM ihlole imiqondo ehlukene futhi yashintsha amashisela ukuze aqondanise amaphethelo ezibopho eziyinhlanganisela ukuze anamathisele ithangi laminate odongeni. Ikhredithi yesithombe: "Ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokukhiqiza yemikhumbi ye-cubic pressure ene-brace", i-Technical University yaseMunich, iphrojekthi ye-Polymers4Hydrogen, ECCM20, Juni 2022.
Ngakho-ke, i-laminate iphulukiswa ngemva kwesinyathelo sokuqala sokuvunguza, izigxobo zihlelwa kabusha, i-TUM iqedela ukuvuthwa kwesibili kwe-filaments, bese i-laminate yodonga lwangaphandle iphulukiswa okwesibili. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi lena idizayini yethangi yohlobo 5, okusho ukuthi ayinawo ulayini wepulasitiki njengesivimbeli segesi. Bheka ingxoxo esigabeni esithi Izinyathelo Ezilandelayo ngezansi.
"Sinqamule idemo yokuqala yaba izingxenye eziphambanayo futhi senza imephu yendawo exhunyiwe," kusho uGlace. "Ukusondelana kukhombisa ukuthi besinezinkinga zekhwalithi ngelaminate, namakhanda e-strut ayengahlali phansi ku-laminate yangaphakathi."
Ukuxazulula izinkinga ngezikhala phakathi kwe-laminate yezindonga zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zethangi. Ikhanda likathayi elishintshiwe lidala igebe phakathi kokujika kokuqala nokwesibili kwethangi lokuhlola. Ikhredithi yesithombe: Technical University of Munich LCC.
Leli thangi lokuqala elingu-450 x 290 x 80mm laqedwa ehlobo eledlule. “Kuningi esesikwenzile kusukela lapho, kodwa sisenegebe phakathi kwe-laminate yangaphakathi nengaphandle,” kusho uGlace. Ngakho sazama ukugcwalisa lezo zikhala nge-resin ehlanzekile, ephezulu ye-viscosity. Lokhu empeleni kuthuthukisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwama-studs kanye ne-laminate, okwandisa kakhulu ukucindezeleka kwemishini. "
Ithimba liqhubekile nokuthuthukisa idizayini nenqubo yethangi, okuhlanganisa nezixazululo zephethini yokujika efiselekayo. “Izinhlangothi zethangi lokuhlola azigoqekanga ngokugcwele ngoba kwakunzima ngale geometry ukudala indlela ejikajikayo,” kuchaza uGlace. “I-engeli yethu yokuqala ejikajikayo yayingu-75°, kodwa sasazi ukuthi kwakudingeka amasekhethi amaningi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nomthwalo kulo mkhumbi wokucindezela. Sisabheka isixazululo sale nkinga, kodwa akulula ngesofthiwe esemakethe njengamanje. Kungase kube iphrojekthi yokulandelela.
U-Gleiss uthi: “Sibonise ukuthi kungenzeka lo mqondo wokukhiqiza, kodwa kudingeka sisebenze ngokuqhubekayo ukuze sithuthukise ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-laminate nokulungisa kabusha izinti zokubopha. “Ukuhlola kwangaphandle emshinini wokuhlola. Ukhipha ama-spacers ku-laminate futhi uhlole imithwalo yemishini lawo malungu angakwazi ukumelana nayo.”
Le ngxenye yephrojekthi ye-Polymers4Hydrogen izoqedwa ekupheleni kuka-2023, ngaleso sikhathi u-Gleis enethemba lokuqeda ithangi lokubonisa lesibili. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi imiklamo namuhla isebenzisa i-thermoplastics eqinisiwe ehlanzekile kuhlaka kanye nezinhlanganisela ze-thermoset ezindongeni zethangi. Ingabe le ndlela eyingxube izosetshenziswa ethangini lokugcina lokubonisa? “Yebo,” kusho uGrace. "Ozakwethu kuphrojekthi ye-Polymers4Hydrogen bakha ama-epoxy resins nezinye izinto eziyinhlanganisela ze-matrix ezinezakhiwo ezingcono ze-hydrogen barrier." Ubala ozakwethu ababili abasebenza kulo msebenzi, i-PCCL kanye neNyuvesi yaseTampere (Tampere, Finland).
U-Gleiss nethimba lakhe baphinde bacobelelana ngolwazi futhi baxoxa ngemibono no-Jaeger ngephrojekthi yesibili ye-HyDDen evela kuthangi eliyinhlanganisela ye-LCC.
"Sizobe sikhiqiza umkhumbi ohambisana nengcindezi oyinhlanganisela yama-drones ocwaningo," kusho uJaeger. “Lokhu ukusebenzisana phakathi kweminyango emibili yoMnyango we-Aerospace kanye ne-Geodetic we-TUM - LCC kanye noMnyango Wezindiza Zezindiza Eziphephetha Ezinhlotsheni (HT). Iphrojekthi izoqedwa ekupheleni kuka-2024 futhi okwamanje siqedela umkhumbi ocindezelayo. idizayini engaphezulu ye-aerospace kanye nendlela yezimoto. Ngemuva kwalesi sigaba somqondo sokuqala, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukwenza imodeli yesakhiwo enemininingwane futhi ubikezele ukusebenza komgoqo wesakhiwo sodonga. "
“Umqondo wonke uwukwakha indiza ehlolayo ene-hybrid fuel cell kanye nesistimu yebhethri,” eqhubeka. Izosebenzisa ibhethri ngesikhathi ilayisha amandla aphezulu (okungukuthi ukusuka kanye nokufika) bese ishintshela esitokisini sikaphethiloli phakathi nohambo olulula. "Ithimba le-HT belivele linendiza yocwaningo futhi lihlele kabusha i-powertrain ukuze isebenzise kokubili amabhethri namaseli kaphethiloli," kusho u-Yeager. "Baphinde bathenga ithangi le-CGH2 ukuhlola lokhu kudluliselwa."
"Ithimba lami lalinikezwe umsebenzi wokwakha i-prototype yethangi elicindezelayo elizolingana, kodwa hhayi ngenxa yezinkinga zokupakisha ezingadalwa ithangi le-cylindrical," uyachaza. “Ithangi eliyisicaba alinikezi ukumelana nomoya. Ngakho uthola ukusebenza okungcono kwendiza.” Ubukhulu bamathangi cishe. 830 x 350 x 173 mm.
Ithangi elihambisana ne-Thermoplastic AFP ngokugcwele. Kuphrojekthi ye-HyDDen, ithimba le-LCC e-TUM laqale lahlola indlela efanayo naleyo esetshenziswa i-Glace (ngenhla), kodwa labe selithuthela endleleni esebenzisa inhlanganisela yamamojula esakhiwo amaningana, abese esetshenziswa ngokweqile kusetshenziswa i-AFP (ngezansi). Ikhredithi yesithombe: Technical University of Munich LCC.
UYager uthi: “Omunye umbono uyafana nendlela ka-Elisabeth [Gleiss] yokufaka izisekelo eziqinile odongeni lomkhumbi ukuze kunxeshezelwe amandla aphezulu okugoba. Kodwa-ke, esikhundleni sokusebenzisa inqubo yokusonta ukwenza ithangi, sisebenzisa i-AFP. Ngakho-ke, sicabange ngokudala ingxenye ehlukile yomkhumbi wokucindezela, lapho ama-rack asevele ehlanganisiwe. Le ndlela ingivumele ukuthi ngihlanganise amaningana alawa mamojula ahlanganisiwe bese ngifaka isivalo ukuze ngivale yonke into ngaphambi kokuphela kwe-AFP. "
"Sizama ukuqedela umqondo onjalo," eqhubeka, "futhi siqale ukuhlola ukukhethwa kwezinto, okubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukumelana okudingekile ekungeneni kwegesi ye-H2. Ngalokhu, sisebenzisa kakhulu izinto ze-thermoplastic futhi sisebenza ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene ukuthi izinto zizothinta kanjani lokhu kuziphatha kokungena kanye nokucubungula emshinini we-AFP. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukwelashwa kuzoba nomthelela futhi uma kukhona okudingekayo ngemuva kokucubungula. Sifuna nokwazi ukuthi izitaki ezihlukene zizoba nomthelela yini ekungeneni kwe-hydrogen ngomkhumbi wengcindezi.”
Ithangi lizokwakhiwa ngokuphelele nge-thermoplastic futhi imicu izohlinzekwa ngabakwaTeijin Carbon Europe GmbH (Wuppertal, Germany). "Sizosebenzisa izinto zabo ze-PPS [i-polyphenylene sulfide], i-PEEK [i-polyether ketone] ne-LM PAEK [izinto ezincibilikayo ze-polyaryl ketone]," kusho u-Yager. “Kube sekwenziwa ukuqhathanisa ukuze kubonakale ukuthi iyiphi engcono kakhulu yokuvikela ukungena nokukhiqiza izingxenye ezisebenza kangcono.” Uthemba ukuthi uzoqedela ukuhlola, ukumodela kwesakhiwo kanye nenqubo kanye nemibukiso yokuqala phakathi nonyaka ozayo.
Umsebenzi wocwaningo wenziwa ngaphakathi kwemojula ye-COMET “Polymers4Hydrogen” (ID 21647053) ngaphakathi kohlelo lwe-COMET loMnyango Wezwe Wokushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu, Ezemvelo, Amandla, Ukuhamba, Ukuqamba Nobuchwepheshe kanye Nomnyango Wesifunda Wezobuchwepheshe Nezomnotho. . Ababhali babonga abalingani ababambe iqhaza I-Polymer Competence Centre Leoben GmbH (PCCL, Austria), Montanuniversitaet Leoben (Faculty of Polymer Engineering and Science, Department of Chemistry of Polymer Materials, Department of Materials Science and Polymer Testing), University of Tampere (Faculty of Engineering Izinto zokwakha). ) Isayensi), iPeak Technology kanye noFaurecia baba nesandla kulo msebenzi wocwaningo. I-COMET-Modul ixhaswa uhulumeni wase-Austria kanye nohulumeni wesifunda sase-Styria.
Amashidi aqiniswe ngaphambili ezakhiwo ezithwala imithwalo aqukethe imicu eqhubekayo - hhayi kuphela kusuka engilazi, kodwa futhi kusukela ku-carbon ne-aramid.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokwenza izingxenye eziyinhlanganisela. Ngakho-ke, ukukhethwa kwendlela yengxenye ethile kuzoncika ezintweni, ukwakheka kwengxenye, kanye nokusetshenziswa kokugcina noma ukusetshenziswa. Nansi inkomba yokukhetha.
I-Shocker Composites kanye ne-R&M International bakha uchungechunge lokuphakelwa kwe-carbon fiber olugaywe kabusha olunikeza ukungabikho, izindleko eziphansi kune-virgin fiber futhi ekugcineni luzonikeza ubude obusondela ku-fiber eqhubekayo ezindaweni zesakhiwo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-15-2023