Amathangi ajwayelekile wesikhulumi se-Bevs nama-FCEV asebenzisa izinhlanganisela ze-thermoplastic ne-thermoset ngokwakha amathambo anikezela nge-25% ngaphezulu kwesitoreji se-H2. #hydrogen #trends
Ngemuva kokubambisana ne-BMW kukhombisile ukuthi ithangi le-cubic lingaletha ukusebenza kahle kwe-volumetric ephezulu kunamasilinda amancane amancane, i-technical University yaseMunich iqale iphrojekthi ukuthuthukisa isakhiwo esiyinhlanganisela nenqubo yokukhiqiza esikahle. Isikweletu sesithombe: I-TU Dresden (Phezulu) Kwesobunxele), University Technity University of Munich, umnyango weCarbon Composites (LCC)
Ama-Fuel cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV) anikwe amandla yi-zero-emission (H2) i-hydrogen ihlinzeka ngezindlela ezengeziwe ukufeza okuhlosiwe kwezemvelo zezemvelo. Imoto yabagibeli kaphethiloli enenjini ye-H2 ingagcwaliswa emizuzwini engu-5-7 futhi inebanga lamakhilomitha angama-500, kepha njengamanje libiza kakhulu ngenxa yenani eliphansi lokukhiqiza. Enye indlela yokunciphisa izindleko ukusebenzisa ipulatifomu ejwayelekile yamamodeli we-BEV nama-FCEV. Lokhu okwamanje akunakwenzeka ngoba uhlobo lwe-4 cylindrical tanks olusetshenziselwa ukugcina igesi ecindezelwe i-H2 (CG2) ku-700 bar ku-FCEVS ayilungele izimoto zangaphansi zebhethri eziklanyelwe izimoto zikagesi. Kodwa-ke, imikhumbi yokucindezela ngesimo semicamelo nama-cubes ingangena kule ndawo yokufaka ifulethi.
I-Patent US557760A ye "Composite Conchal Pressure Pressel", Isicelo esifakwe nguThiokol Corp. Ngo-1995 (kwesobunxele) kanye nomkhumbi wokucindezela onxande oboshwe yi-BMW ngo-2009 (kwesokudla).
UMnyango Wezivumelwano Zekhabhoni (LCC) yeNyuvesi yezobuchwepheshe yaseMunich (Tum, Munich, Germany) ubandakanyeka kumaphrojekthi amabili ukuthuthukisa lo mqondo. Owokuqala yi-polymers4hydrogen (P4H), eholwa yiLeoben Polymer Competence Center (PCCL, Leoben, Austria). Iphakheji yomsebenzi we-LCC iholwa yi-Elizabeth Glace.
Iphrojekthi yesibili umboniso we-hydrogen kanye nemvelo yentuthuko (hydden), lapho i-LCC iholwa ngumcwaningi uChristian Jaeger. Zombili zihlose ukudala umboniso omkhulu wenqubo yokukhiqiza yokwenza ithangi elifanele le-CGH2 usebenzisa ama-compasites e-carbon fiber.
Kukhona ukusebenza kahle kwe-volumetric okulinganiselwe lapho kufakwa ama-cylinder amancane ama-cylinder kumaseli ebhethri aphansi (kwesobunxele) kanye nemikhumbi engu-cubic 2 yengcindezi eyenziwe ngama-liners ensimbi kanye ne-epoxy fiber / i-epoxy composite Outer Outer (kwesokudla). Umthombo Wezithombe: Izibalo 3 no-6 zivela "ekuzuzeni izinombolo zokwakheka kwezinombolo ze-Type II Pressure Box verel ngemilenze yengxabano yangaphakathi" nge-ruf ne-zaremba et al.
I-P4H isebenzise ithangi le-cube yokuhlola elisebenzisa uhlaka lwe-thermoplastic olunemichilo yengxabano / ama-struts asongwe nge-epoxy eqinisiwe yekhabhoni. IHydden izosebenzisa umklamo ofanayo, kepha izosebenzisa i-othomathikhi yefayibha (i-AFP) yokwenza wonke amathangi ahlanganisiwe we-thermoplastic.
Kusuka kuhlelo lokusebenza lwe-patent nguThiokol Corp. ku "Hlongani okuhlanganisiwe kwengcindezi yesikebhe" ngo-1995 kuya ku-German Patent de19749950c2 ngonyaka we-1997, noma yikuphi ukucushwa kwegemetri ", kungaba yimikhumbi ephansi futhi engajwayelekile, emgodini oxhunyiwe ekusekelweni kwegobolondo . Izinto zisetshenziswa ukuze zikwazi ukubekezelela amandla okunwetshwa kwegesi.
Iphepha le-Lawrmence Livermore Lational Latratory (LLNL) lichaza izindlela ezintathu: Isilonda se-Fichatem Inxebhu Yengcindezelo equkethe isakhiwo saphakathi sangaphakathi sama-orthorhombic (amaseli amancane), ezungezwe isitsha esincanyana se-H2, kanye nesitsha esiphindaphindayo, okubandakanya ukwakheka kwangaphakathi okubandakanya izingxenye ezincane ezifakiwe (isib., izindandatho zepulasitiki ze-hexagonal) kanye nokwakheka kwesikhumba esincanyana segobolondo. Iziqukathi eziphindwe kabili zilungele kakhulu iziqukathi ezinkulu lapho kungahle kube khona iziqu zendabuko.
I-Patent de102009057170A efakwe yiVolkswagen ngonyaka we-2009 ichaza umkhumbi wengcindezi ofakwe emotweni ozohlinzeka ngokusebenza kahle kwesisindo ngenkathi uthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwesikhala. Amathangi axande asebenzisa izixhumi ze-tension phakathi kwezindonga ezimbili eziphambili, futhi amakhona ayayindilinga.
Le miqondo engenhla neminye ikhonjwe yi-Gleiss ephepheni "ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yemithambo yengcindezi ye-cubic enemigoqo yokunwetshwa" ngeGleiss et al. E-ECCM20 (June 26-30, 2022, Lausanne, Switzerland). Kulesi sihloko, ukhuluma ngocwaningo lwe-tum olushicilelwe nguMichael Roof kanye Sven Zaremba, okuthola ukuthi umkhumbi we-cubic stression oxhumene nezinhlangothi ezimbalwa ezixhunyaniswa kakhulu kunamasilinda ebhethri aphansi, anikeze cishe ama-25 % Okuningi. indawo yokugcina.
Ngokusho kwe-Gleiss, inkinga ngokufaka inani elikhulu lamasilinda angu-4 aphansi ecaleni eliphansi ukuthi "ivolumu phakathi kwamasilinda incishisiwe kakhulu futhi uhlelo luphinde lube ne-H2 Performence enkulu kakhulu ye-H2 Permonity Pop. Sekukonke, uhlelo luhlinzeka umthamo omncane wokugcina kunezimbiza ze-cubic. "
Kodwa-ke, kunezinye izinkinga ngomklamo wethangi wethangi. "Ngokusobala, ngenxa yegesi ecindezelwe, udinga ukulwa namabutho okugoba ezindongeni ezifuywayo," kusho uGleiss. "Kulokhu, udinga isakhiwo esiqinisiwe esixhuma ngaphakathi ezindongeni zethangi. Kepha kunzima ukwenza ngezinhlanganisela. "
UGlace neqembu lakhe bazamile ukufaka imigoqo yokuqinisa ukungezwani emkhunjini wokucindezela ngendlela ebingalungele inqubo yokuzungeza. “This is important for high-volume production,” she explains, “and also allows us to design the winding pattern of the container walls to optimize fiber orientation for each load in the zone.”
Izinyathelo ezine zokwenza ithangi le-Cubic Composite yephrojekthi yeP4H. Isikweletu sesithombe: "Ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokukhiqiza yemithambo yengcindezi ye-cubic nge-brace", eyunivesithi yezobuchwepheshe yaseMunich, i-polymers4hydogen projekthi, eccm20, ngoJuni 2022.
Ukufeza i-ont-chain, iqembu lisungule umqondo omusha oqukethe izinyathelo ezine eziphambili, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngenhla. Ama-Stresion struts, aboniswe emnyama ngezinyathelo, isakhiwo sezinhlaka ezenzelwe ukusebenzisa izindlela ezithathwe kuphrojekthi ye-MAI Skelett. Kule phrojekthi, iBMW yathuthukisa uhlaka lwe-Wind shield "Uhlaka" kusetshenziswa izinduku ezine eziqinisiwe ze-fiber-ukuqina, ezabunjwe ngohlaka lwepulasitiki.
Uhlaka lwethangi le-cubic evivinyayo. I-Hexagonal Skeletal Skelears 3D ephrintiwe yi-TUM isebenzisa i-Pla Filament ye-PLA ENTEREFFECED (Phezulu), Ukufaka izinduku ze-CF / PA6 Pupribision njengezinduku zokungezwani (maphakathi) bese ugoqa i-filament ezungeze ama-brace (phansi). Isikweletu sesithombe: Ubuchwepheshe University of Munich LCC.
"Umqondo uwukuthi ungakha uhlaka lwethangi le-cubic njengesakhiwo se-modular," kusho uGlace. "Lawa mamojula abese efakwa kwithuluzi lokubumba, ama-struts wengxabano abekwa kumamojula wohlaka, bese kuthi indlela kaMai Skelett isetshenziswa ezungeze ama-struts ukuze uyihlanganise nezingxenye zozimele." Indlela yokukhiqiza eningi, okuholela esakhiweni esisetshenziswa njenge-mandrel noma umnyombo wokusonga igobolondo lethangi lokugcina.
I-TUM yakhelwe ifreyimu yethangi njenge- "cushion" enezihlangothi eziqinile, amakhona ayindilinga nephethini le-hexagonal ngaphezulu nangaphansi lapho izibopho zingafakwa futhi zinamathiselwe. Izimbobo zalawa ma-racks nazo ziphrintiwe. "Ngethangi lethu lokuhlola lokuqala, thina 3D siphrintiwe izingxenye ze-hexagonal sisebenzisa i-polylactic acid [PLA, i-thermoplastic esekelwe kwi-bio, ngoba ibilula futhi ishibhile," kusho uGlace, "kusho uGlace.
Iqembu lithenge ama-68 e-carbon fiber aqinisiwe ama-polyamide 6 (PA6) izinduku ezivela ku-Sgl Carbon (Meitingen, Germany) ukuze zisetshenziswe njengezibopho. "Ukuhlola umqondo, asizange singenzi masing," kusho uGleiss, "kodwa umane ulethe ama-spacers kufreyimu eyisisekelo ye-3D ephrintiwe yezinyosi bese uyigcoba nge-epoxy glue. Lokhu-ke kunikeza i-mandrel yokufaka ithangi. " Uphawula ukuthi yize lezi zinduku zilula kakhulu emoyeni, kunezinkinga ezithile ezibalulekile ezizochazwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
"Esesigabeni sokuqala, inhloso yethu bekuwukukhombisa ukumiswa kokwakheka nokukhomba izinkinga emcabangweni wokukhiqiza," kuchaza uGleiss. "Ngakho-ke ama-struts wengxabano aphuma endaweni yangaphandle yesakhiwo samathambo, futhi sinamathisela imicu yekhabhoni yaya kulo msinga esebenzisa i-willament emanzi. Emva kwalokho, esinyathelweni sesithathu, sigoba ikhanda lenduku ngayinye. I-Thermoplastic, ngakho-ke sisebenzisa nje ukushisa kabusha kabusha ikhanda ukuze lithambeke futhi likhiya ungqimba lokuqala lokugoqwa. Sibe sesiqhubeka nokusonga isakhiwo futhi ukuze ikhanda le-flat struct lifakwe ngaphakathi ethangini. ama-laminate ezindongeni.
I-Spacer cap yokufaka umoya. I-Tum isebenzisa izigqoko zepulasitiki emaphethelweni ezinduku zengxabano ukuvimba imicu ekuthengeni ngesikhathi sokukhanya. Isikweletu sesithombe: Ubuchwepheshe University of Munich LCC.
I-glace yaphinda futhi ukuthi leli tamp yokuqala laliwubufakazi bomqondo. "Ukusetshenziswa kokuphrinta kwe-3D ne-glue bekuwukuhlola kokuqala futhi kusinikeze umbono wezinkinga ezimbalwa esihlangabezane nazo. Isibonelo, ngesikhathi somoya, ama-filmament abanjwa yimikhawulo yezinduku zokungezwani, ebangela ukuqhekeka kwe-fiber, ukulimala kwefayibha, nokunciphisa inani le-fiber ukumelana nalokhu. Sisebenzise izigqoko zepulasitiki ezimbalwa njengezinsiza zokukhiqiza ezibekwe ezigxotsheni ngaphambi kwesinyathelo sokuqala somoya.
Iqembu lalizama ngezimo ezahlukahlukene zokwakhiwa kabusha. UGraar uthi: "Labo ababheka phambili basebenza okuhle kakhulu. "Futhi, ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuPrototyPing, sasebenzisa ithuluzi lokufaka le-weldified yokusebenzisa ukushisa futhi sabeka kabusha induku yokubopha. Emcabangweni wokukhiqizwa ngobuningi, uzoba nethuluzi elilodwa elikhudlwana elingabumba futhi wakhe yonke imikhawulo yama-struts ibe yi-lansior eqeda amandla ngasikhathi sinye. . "
Amakhanda we-drawbar aqanjwe kabusha. I-TUM ihlolwe ngemiqondo ehlukene futhi yaguqulwa ama-welds ukuvumelanisa neziphetho zamathayi ahlanganisiwe wokufaka i-LAMPLE WALL LAMAM GAWING GAMENIGATINAL LAMAM GAWING GAME LAMILA GAMBALIGATIME. Isikweletu sesithombe: "Ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokukhiqiza yemithambo yengcindezi ye-cubic nge-brace", eyunivesithi yezobuchwepheshe yaseMunich, i-polymers4hydogen projekthi, eccm20, ngoJuni 2022.
Ngakho-ke, i-laminate yelaphekile ngemuva kwesinyathelo sokuqala somoya, okuthunyelwe kubhekwe kabusha, i-TUM iqeda ukuvela kwesibili kokuhlunga, bese kuthi lapho i-langa lwangaphandle lwethangi lamathangi liphethwe okwesibili. Uyacelwa uqaphele ukuthi lokhu kuyinto yohlobo lwethangi le-5, okusho ukuthi alinalo i-liner yepulasitiki njengesithiyo segesi. Bona ingxoxo esigabeni esilandelayo isigaba esingezansi.
"Sisika idemo yokuqala zibe yizingxenye ezinqamulayo futhi simemezele indawo exhunyiwe," kusho uGlace. "Imibukiso esondelene yokuthi saba nezinkinga ezithile zekhwalithi nge-laminate, amakhanda angenayo angabeki ifulethi elingaphakathi le-laminate."
Ukuxazulula izinkinga ngezikhala phakathi kwezindonga zangaphakathi nezingaphandle zethangi. Ikhanda le-Tie Ledified Tie lidala igebe phakathi kokuguquka kwethangi lokuqala nelesibili lethangi lokuhlola. Isikweletu sesithombe: Ubuchwepheshe University of Munich LCC.
Leli thangi lamathangi lokuqala le-450 x 290 x 80mm laqedwa ehlobo eledlule. "Senze intuthuko eningi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kepha sisenalo igebe phakathi kwangaphakathi nangaphandle," kusho uGlace. "Ngakho-ke sazama ukugcwalisa lawo izikhala ngesihlanza esihlanzekile, esiphakeme se-resin. Lokhu empeleni kuthuthukisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwezikopelo kanye ne-laminate, eyandisa kakhulu ukucindezelwa kwemishini. "
Iqembu laqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwethangi kanye nenqubo, kufaka phakathi izixazululo zephethini efiselekayo yokuphefumula. "Izinhlangothi zethangi lokuhlola zazingagodliwe ngokuphelele ngoba kwakunzima kule gelomethri ukudala indlela yokuthola umoya," kuchazwa glace. "I-angle yethu yokuqala evuthayo yayingama-75 °, kodwa sasazi ukuthi kwakudingeka amasekethe amaningi ukuze ahlangabezane nomthwalo kulo mkhumbi wokucindezela. Sisafuna ikhambi lale nkinga, kepha akulula nge-software njengamanje emakethe. Kungaba yiphrojekthi elandelayo.
"Sikhombisile ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi lo mqondo wokukhiqiza, kepha kudingeka sisebenzele ukuthuthukisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-laminate futhi sabeka kabusha izinduku zokubopha. "Ukuhlolwa kwangaphandle emshinini wokuhlola. Udonsa ama-spacer ngaphandle kwe-laminate futhi uhlole imithwalo emishini yokuthi lawo malunga angakwazi ukumelana nawo. "
Le ngxenye yephrojekthi ye-polymers4hydrogen izoqedwa ngasekupheleni kuka-2023, lapho uGleis anethemba lokuqedela ithangi lesibili lokubonisa. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ama-design namuhla asebenzisa i-thermoplastics eqinisiwe eqinisweni ngohlaka kanye nezinhlanganisela ze-thermoset ezindongeni zamathangi. Ngabe le ndlela ye-hybrid izosetshenziswa ethangi lokugcina lokubonisa? "Yebo," kusho ". "Abalingani bethu ePolymers4hydrogen Project bathuthukisa ama-epoxy resins nezinye izinto ze-matrix ezihlanganisiwe ezinezakhiwo ezingcono ze-hydrogen izithiyo." Ubala abalingani ababili abasebenza kulo msebenzi, i-PCCL kanye ne-University of Tampere (Tampere, Finland).
IGleiss neqembu lakhe futhi lashintshana ngolwazi futhi saxoxa ngemibono ngeJaeger kwiphrojekthi yesibili ye-Hydden kusuka ethangini le-LCC elihlanganisiwe le-LCC.
"Sizobe sikhiqiza umkhumbi wokucindezela ohlanganisiwe we-Drones ocwaningweni," kusho uJaeger. "Lokhu kungukusebenzisana phakathi kwaleminyango emibili yoMnyango we-Aerospace ne-geodetic of Tum - LCC kanye noMnyango we-Helikopta Technology (HT). Le phrojekthi izophothulwa ngasekupheleni kuka-2024 futhi njengamanje sigcwalisa umkhumbi wengcindezi. Idizayini engaphezulu kwendlela ye-aerospace nezenzelisweni. Ngemuva kwalesi sigaba sokuqala somqondo, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukwenza amamodeli anemininingwane ehlelekile futhi ubikezele ukusebenza kwesithiyo sesakhiwo sodonga. "
"Umqondo wonke ukuthuthukisa i-drone ehlobisile nge-hybrid fuel cell kanye nohlelo lwebhethri lwebhethri," waqhubeka. Izosebenzisa ibhethri ngesikhathi semithwalo yamandla aphezulu (okusho ukuhambisa nokufika) bese ushintshela kwiseli likaphethiloli ngesikhathi sokukhanya komthwalo okukhanyayo. "Ithimba le-HT vele line-drone yocwaningo futhi lahlelwa kabusha i-PowerTrain ukuze isebenzise amabhethri namaseli kaphethiloli," kusho u-Yeager. "Baphinde bathenga ithangi le-cge2 ukuze bahlole lokhu kudluliselwa."
"Iqembu lami lalinikezwe umsebenzi nokwakha i-pressure tank prototype eyayizolingana, kepha hhayi ngenxa yezinkinga zokufaka ithangi le-cylindrical azodala," echaza. "Ithangi elithambile alinikezi ukumelana nomoya okuningi. Ngakho-ke uthola ukusebenza kwendiza okungcono. " I-Tank Cimensions approx. 830 x 350 x 173 mm.
Ithangi le-afmoplastic afrmoplastic afproplastic afp. Kwiphrojekthi ye-Hydden, ithimba le-LCC eTum ekuqaleni lihlole indlela efanayo naleyo esetshenziswa yi-glace (ngenhla), kepha bese idluliselwa endaweni esebenzisa inhlanganisela yamamojula ambalwa wesakhiwo, abese asetshenziswe ngokweqile. Isikweletu sesithombe: Ubuchwepheshe University of Munich LCC.
"Omunye umbono ufana no-Elisabeth [Gleiss]," kusho i-yager, "ukusebenziseka kwengxabano kudonga lomkhumbi ukunxephezela amabutho aphezulu wokugoqa. Kodwa-ke, esikhundleni sokusebenzisa inqubo yokuthola umoya ukwenza ithangi, sisebenzisa i-AFP. Ngakho-ke, sacabanga ngokwakha ingxenye ehlukile yomkhumbi wengcindezi, lapho ama-racks esevele ehlanganisiwe. Le ndlela ingivumele ukuthi ngihlanganise amaningana alawa mamojula ahlanganisiwe bese ngifaka i-cap yokuphela ukuze ulise konke ngaphambi komoya wokugcina we-AFP. "
"Sizama ukuphothula umqondo onjalo," waqhubeka, "futhi aqala ukuhlola ukukhethwa kwezinto zokwakha, okubaluleke kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukumelana okudingekayo kokungena kwe-H2 Penetation. Kulokhu, ikakhulukazi sisebenzisa izinto ze-thermoplastic futhi sisebenza ngokuhlukile ukuthi lokho okukuthinta kanjani lokhu kusebenza kokuzijabulisa nokucubungula emshinini we-AFP. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukwelashwa kuzoba nomthelela futhi uma kukhona ukucubungula okuthunyelwe okudingekayo. Sifuna nokwazi ukuthi ngabe izitaki ezahlukene zizothinta i-hydrogen vermence ngokusebenzisa umkhumbi wengcindezi. "
Ithangi lizokwenziwa ngokuphelele nge-thermoplastic futhi imichilo izonikezwa yi-Teijin Carbon Europe GmbH (Wuppertal, Germany). "Sizobe sisebenzisa i-PPS yabo [polyphenelene sulfide], i-peek [polythear Ketone] ne-LM paek [i-polyaryl ye-polyaryl yako yonke," kusho i-yager. "Ukuqhathanisa kuyasenziwa ukubona ukuthi iyiphi engcono kakhulu yokuvikelwa nokukhiqiza izingxenye ngokusebenza okungcono." Unethemba lokuqedela ukuhlola, ukuhlela amamodeli wenqubo kanye nemiboniso yokuqala ngonyaka olandelayo.
Umsebenzi wokucwaninga wenziwa ngaphakathi kwe-comet module "Polymers4hydrogen" (i-ID 21647053) ngaphakathi kohlelo lwe-Comet lwe-Federal Ministry ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu, ubuchwepheshe obusha nobuchwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe bedijithali. . Ababhali babonga abahlanganyeli ababambe iqhaza i-polymer centwence Center Leoben GmbH (i-PCCL, Austria), ubuhlakani be-polymer Izinto zokwakha). ) Isayensi), ubuchwepheshe obuphakeme kanye noFaurecia banikezela kulo msebenzi wokucwaninga. I-Comet-Modul ixhaswe nguHulumeni wase-Austria noHulumeni be-STYIA.
Amashidi aqiniswe ngaphambili wezakhiwo ezithwala umthwalo aqukethe imicu eqhubekayo - hhayi kuphela kusuka engilazini, kodwa futhi kusuka kwikhabhoni nase-ARAMID.
Kunezindlela eziningi zokwenza izingxenye eziyizinhlanganisela. Ngakho-ke, ukukhetha kwendlela yengxenye ethile kuzoncika kokuqukethwe, ukwakheka kwengxenye, nokusetshenziswa kokuphela noma isicelo. Nasi umhlahlandlela wokukhetha.
Ama-Shocker Composites kanye ne-R & M International athuthukisa i-CaryCled Cary Fiber Supply enikezela nge-zero ukubulawa, izindleko eziphansi kune-fiber lyrn futhi ekugcineni zizonikeza ubude obuyela emuva ezizakhiwo ezihlelekile.
Isikhathi sePosi: Mar-15-2023